The widespread use of these antibiotics has increased to a worldwide emergence of carbapenem-resistant organisms (CROs), which constitute a critical growing public health threat, mainly in hospital settings, as their prescription has escalated in recent years and used for treating life-threatening infections. In addition, these antibiotics contain a carbon instead of a sulfone in the fourth position of the thiazolidine moiety β-lactam ring, which confers protection against most β-lactamases ( 1). Carbapenems possess a broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and have a structure defined by a carbapenem coupled with a β-lactam ring. These antibiotics are considered one of the most reliable drugs and the last line of therapy for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is urgent to implement the One Health approach worldwide to make an effort to contain the dissemination of carbapenem resistance.Ĭarbapenems are broad-spectrum beta ( β)-lactam antimicrobials primarily used to treat severe human infections. Antibiotic-resistant organisms in aquatic environments should be considered because they may act as reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant genes. A high prevalence of carbapenem enzymes has been reported in wildlife and companion animals, suggesting their role in the cross-species transmission of carbapenem-resistant genes. baumannii, are cattle's leading causes of carbapenem resistance. However, OXA- and NDM-producing bacteria, mainly E. OXA-181, IMP-27, and VIM-1 have also been detected in pigs. pneumoniae as NDM-5- and NDM-1-producing bacteria, which lead to carbapenem resistance. Studies related to poultry have highlighted P. A higher occurrence of carbapenem enzymes in poultry and swine has been previously reported. We also pointed out the One Health approach as a strategy to attempt the emergency and dispersion of carbapenem-resistance in this sector and to determine the role of carbapenem-producing bacteria in animals among human public health risk. In this review, we discuss the detection of carbapenem-resistant organisms and their mechanisms of action in pigs, cattle, poultry, seafood products, companion animals, and wildlife. Nevertheless, little is known about the spread of CR in food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, wildlife, their environment, or the health risks associated with CR in humans. The characterization of its molecular mechanisms and epidemiology are highly studied. CR is a growing challenge in clinical settings due to its rapid dissemination and low treatment options. 2Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, MexicoĬarbapenem resistance (CR) is a major global health concern.1Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico.
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